• Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

    • Pulmonary embolism

    • Aortic dissection

    • Tension pneumothorax

    • Cardiac tamponade

    • Esophageal Rupture

    • Empyema/Hemothorax

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

    • Musculoskeletal pain

    • Costochondritis

    • Panic attack

    • Esophageal spasm

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Appendicitis

    • Perforated peptic ulcer

    • Bowel obstruction

    • Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

    • Mesenteric ischemia

    • Cholecystitis

    • Cholangitis

    • Pancreatitis

    • Ovarian Torsion

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Gastroenteritis

    • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

    • Constipation/Gas

    • Gastritis

    • Dyspepsia

    • Reflux

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Acute myocardial infarction

    • Pulmonary embolism

    • Severe asthma/COPD

    • Anaphylaxis

    • Pneumonia

    • Congestive heart failure exacerbation

    • Myocarditis

    • Pregnancy Related Cardiomyopathy

    • Acute Anemia

    • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Mild asthma or COPD exacerbation

    • Upper respiratory tract infection

    • Anxiety

    • Mild allergic reaction

    • Deconditioning

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Sepsis

    • Meningitis

    • Endocarditis

    • Severe pneumonia

    • Acute abdomen (e.g., appendicitis with perforation)

    • Pyelonephritis

    • Abscess

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Viral infection (e.g., common cold)

    • Urinary tract infection

    • Sinusitis

    • Influenza

    • Otitis media

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Subarachnoid hemorrhage

    • Meningitis

    • Brain tumor

    • Stroke

    • Temporal arteritis

    • Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis

    • Trauma

    • Vertebral Artery Dissection

    • Acute Glaucoma

    • Pituitary Apoplexy

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Tension headache

    • Migraine

    • Sinus headache

    • Medication overuse headache

    • Caffeine withdrawal

    • UTI

    • Viral Illness

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Spinal cord compression (cauda Equina) From Abscess/Hematoma/Fracture/Disc Herniation

    • Abdominal aortic aneurysm or Aortic Dissection

    • Cancer

    • Osteomyelitis/Transverse Myelitis

    • Kidney stone with infection

    • Psoas Abscess

    • Spinal Fracture

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Muscle strain

    • Degenerative disc disease

    • Sciatica

    • Piriformis syndrome

    • Herniated disc without neurological deficit

    • Osteoarthritis

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Bowel obstruction

    • Myocardial infarction

    • Diabetic ketoacidosis

    • First time Type 1 Diabetic

    • Acute pancreatitis

    • Severe dehydration

    • Head Injury or Brain Tumor

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Gastroenteritis (if with diarrhea)

    • Pregnancy (morning sickness)

    • Motion sickness

    • Chronic Gastric Dysmotility

    • Migraine

    • Food poisoning

    • Pyelonephritis/UTI

    • Viral

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Ischemic Stroke (posterior)

    • Vertebral Dissection

    • PRES Syndrome

    • Cardiac arrhythmia

    • Severe anemia

    • Acute myocardial infarction

    • Brain tumor

    • Cerebellar Hemorrhage

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Otitis Media

    • Sinus Congestion

    • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

    • Labyrinthitis

    • Meniere's Disease

    • Dehydration

    • Medication side effects

    • Anxiety

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Pneumonia

    • Pulmonary embolism

    • Tuberculosis

    • Lung cancer

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Upper respiratory tract infection

    • Asthma

    • Chronic bronchitis

    • Postnasal drip

    • GERD

    • Lisinopril Side-effect

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Stroke

    • Guillain-Barré syndrome

    • Polymyositis

    • Myasthenia gravis

    • Severe electrolyte imbalance

    • Spinal cord injury

    • MS

    • Sepsis/Infection

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Dehydration

    • Anemia

    • Mild viral infection

    • Medication side effects

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Intracranial Pathology

    • Seizure

    • Sepsis/Shock/Meningitis

    • Hypoglycemia

    • Hyponatremia

    • Drug overdose

    • Hypercapnia

    • CO poisoning

    • Hypothyroid

    • Hepatic Encephalopathy

    • Metabolic Acidosis

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Dehydration

    • Urinary tract infection (especially in elderly)

    • Medication side effects

    • Delirium and Dementia

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Epiglottitis

    • Peritonsillar abscess

    • Ludwig's angina

    • Retropharyngeal abscess

    • Anaphylaxis

    • Bacterial Lymphadenitis

    • Tracheitis

    • Pharyngeal Cancer

    • Lumiere's Disease

    • Esophageal Candidiasis

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Viral pharyngitis

    • Strep throat

    • Gonorreal Tonsilitis

    • Allergic rhinitis

    • Postnasal drip

    • Laryngitis

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response

    • Ventricular tachycardia

    • Supraventricular tachycardia

    • Myocardial infarction

    • Hyperthyroidism

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Anxiety

    • Caffeine intake

    • Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

    • Dehydration

    • Medication side effects

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

    • Anaphylaxis

    • Meningococcemia

    • Necrotizing fasciitis

    • Rocky Mountain spotted fever

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Contact dermatitis

    • Viral exanthem

    • Eczema

    • Psoriasis

    • Urticaria (hives)

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Status epilepticus

    • Intracranial hemorrhage

    • Brain tumor

    • Severe hypoglycemia

    • PRES syndrome

    • Hyponatremia

    • Aspirin OD

    • Toxic Alcohol

    • Tox

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Febrile seizures (in children)

    • Medication non-compliance in epilepsy

    • Alcohol withdrawal

    • Pseudoseizures (non-epileptic seizures)

    • Severe dehydration

    • Sepsis from gastrointestinal infection

    • Clostridioides difficile colitis

    • Inflammatory bowel disease flare

    • Ischemic colitis

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Viral gastroenteritis

    • Food poisoning

    • Lactose intolerance

    • Irritable bowel syndrome

    • Medication side effects

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Heart Block

    • Brugada

    • HOCM

    • ARVD

    • WPW

    • Qtc prolongation- Torsades

    • Ventricular tachycardia

    • Short QT

    • Commotio Cortis

    • Pulmonary embolism

    • Aortic stenosis

    • Acute Blood Loss (GI bleed)

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Vasovagal syncope

    • Dehydration

    • Orthostatic hypotension

    • Micturition Syncope

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Pyelonephritis with sepsis

    • Urinary retention with renal failure

    • Urosepsis

    • Kidney stone with obstruction and infection

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Urinary tract infection

    • Vaginitis

    • Urethritis STD

    • Prostatitis

    • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

    • Interstitial Cystitis

    • Hyperglycemia

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Anaphylaxis

    • Angioedema

    • Severe asthma exacerbation

    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome

    • Acute laryngeal edema

    • GI Prominent Anaphylaxis

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Mild urticaria (hives)

    • Allergic rhinitis

    • Contact dermatitis

    • Food allergy (mild)

    • Seasonal allergies

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Ectopic pregnancy

    • Placental abruption

    • Postpartum hemorrhage

    • Severe menorrhagia with anemia

    • Gynecologic cancer

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

    • Hormonal contraception side effects

    • Implantation bleeding

    • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

    • Cervical polyp

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Septic arthritis

    • Osteomyelitis

    • Fracture with compartment syndrome

    • Spontaneous Hemarthrosis

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Osteoarthritis

    • Acute gout attack

    • RA Flare

    • Inflammatory Bursitis

    • Tendinitis

    • Sprain

    • Mild trauma

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Acute angle-closure glaucoma

    • Acute Iritis

    • Retinal detachment

    • Orbital cellulitis

    • Central retinal artery occlusion

    • Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

    • Lens Dislocation

    • Endopthalmitis

    • Hypopyon and Hyphema

    • Chemical burn

    • Corneal Ulcer

    • Globe rupture

    • Retrobulbar Hematoma

    • Brain Tumor or stroke

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Conjunctivitis

    • Subconjunctival hemorrhage

    • Dry eyes

    • Corneal abrasion

    • Allergic conjunctivitis

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Mastoiditis

    • Malignant otitis externa

    • Temporal bone fracture

    • Cholesteatoma

    • Severe otitis media with complications

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Otitis media

    • Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

    • Eustachian tube dysfunction

    • Earwax impaction

    • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Esophageal varices

    • Lung or Laryngeal Cancer

    • Peptic ulcer disease with bleeding

    • Boerrhaves Disease

    • Gastric cancer

    • Aortoenteric fistula

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Mild gastritis

    • Esophagitis

    • Swallowed blood from nosebleed

    • Medication-induced (e.g., NSAIDs)

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Colorectal cancer

    • Anorectal Abscess

    • Diverticular bleeding

    • Ischemic colitis

    • Severe ulcerative colitis

    • AV malformation

    • Aortoenteric Fistula

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Currently Non-bleeding Hemorrhoids

    • Anal fissures

    • Infectious colitis

  • Life-threatening diagnoses:

    • Kidney stone with obstruction/Infection

    • Pyelonephritis

    • Abdominal aortic aneurysm

    • Renal infarction

    • Retroperitoneal hemorrhage/abscess

    Minor diagnoses:

    • Kidney stone (non-obstructive)

    • Muscle strain

    • Lumbar radiculopathy